Notes...............medicine

?????? Stimulant Properties of Addictive Drugs by Roy A. Wise

Summary

  • Negative reinforcing effects (relief of dysphoria) of different drugs are mediated by a variety of dependence mechanisms.
  • Positive reinforcing effects (induction of euphoria) result from actions in a shared or common mechanism activated by drivestates and reinforcing conditions, best characterized by psychomotor activation.
  • Many drugs in low doses cause psychomotor activation. Usually not seen because of sedative "side-effects" of these drugs. (ie.: opiates, ethanol, barbiturates and benzodiazepines).
  • Medial forebrain bundle stimulation produces tendence to locomote and to eat.
  • Depends on the transsynoptic activation of the mesocorticolimbic and perhaps the nigrostriatal dopamine system.

Positive Reinforcement:
Reinforcement involving induction of a positive state
 
Negative Reinforcement:
Reinforcement involving alleviation of a negative state.

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